Mustakshif Shariah Board Rulings on E471: Mono- and Di-glycerides of Fatty Acids

According to Mustakshif Shariah Board, E471 is classified as mushbooh, meaning its permissibility in halal diets is questionable. This is because the ingredient is made synthetically from glycerin and fatty acids, which can come from either plant or animal sources. Since the exact source isn't always declared, there is uncertainty. However, some forms, like Citrol EGMS, are verified as halal.

Fiqh perspective

Scholars have emphasized the importance of verifying the source of glycerin and fatty acids used in E471. If derived from halal-certified plant sources, the ingredient may be considered halal. In the absence of such confirmation, caution is advised.

Origin of E471

E471, known as Mono- and Di-glycerides of Fatty Acids, is a common food additive. This ingredient functions as an emulsifier, stabiliser, and thickener in food products. It may also be listed under names like Mono- and di-glycerides, emulsifying glycerides, Glycerol esters of fatty acids, or Glyceryl Monostearate.

Where does it come from?

Mono- and di-glycerides are derived from natural sources, including plant-based oils such as palm and soybean oil or animal fats. The production begins with hydrolysis, where fats or oils react with water to release glycerol and fatty acids. These fatty acids are then combined with glycerol in a process called esterification, which uses acid or base catalysts. After this, the mixture undergoes purification to remove any leftover substances. Finally, the refined product is purified, standardised, and tested to meet food-grade requirements.

Practical uses in industry and products

E471 plays a vital role in processed foods due to its multiple functions. As an emulsifier, it helps mix oil and water to maintain a smooth texture. It acts as a stabiliser by preventing separation in products that include both fat and water. It also functions as a thickener by improving texture and increasing viscosity in foods like ice cream and custards.

Final words

E471, or Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids, is a widely used emulsifier sourced from fats and oils. While it can be halal, careful verification of its source is essential for those adhering to dietary guidelines. Always look for trusted halal certifications when in doubt.